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What is Gynecomastia?

First of all, it is important to understand that gynecomastia is not a serious health issue. However, it can lead to a feminine appearance in the chest area and can cause discomfort for men, especially during summer at the beach or pool. This condition often results in psychological struggles, including reluctance to wear certain clothing.

Gynecomastia is the abnormal enlargement of male breast tissue caused by hormonal imbalances, certain medications, or lifestyle factors. It can occur at any age, from puberty to late adulthood. Unlike pseudo-gynecomastia, which results from excess fat accumulation in the chest area, true gynecomastia involves glandular breast tissue development.

What Causes Gynecomastia?

  • Hormonal Imbalance: A disproportion between testosterone and estrogen levels.
  • Medication Side Effects: Drugs like anabolic steroids, anti-androgens, or antidepressants.
  • Lifestyle Factors: Obesity, excessive alcohol consumption, or recreational drug use.
  • Medical Conditions: Liver or kidney diseases, thyroid disorders, or tumours affecting hormone production.

Emotional and Social Impact

Living with gynecomastia can be emotionally draining. Men often experience:

  • Embarrassment: Hesitation to wear fitted clothes or go shirtless.
  • Social Anxiety: Fear of judgment or ridicule.
  • Low Self-Confidence: Negative self-perception affecting relationships and daily interactions.
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How is Gynecomastia Performed?

Gynecomastia surgery can be performed in two main ways: liposuction alone or excision (incision) with or without liposuction. The choice depends on the severity and type of gynecomastia. Here’s the key difference:

1. Liposuction-Only Gynecomastia Surgery

Best for: Patients with excess fat but minimal glandular tissue.
Procedure: A small incision (usually in the armpit or around the nipple) is made, and a cannula is used to suction out excess fat.
Pros: Minimal scarring, Shorter recovery time, Less invasive
Cons: May not be effective if there is a significant amount of glandular breast tissue. Skin tightening depends on natural elasticity

2. Excision (Incision) with or without Liposuction

Best for: Patients with firm, dense glandular tissue or excess skin (common in long-standing gynecomastia or after massive weight loss).
Procedure: A direct incision is made, often around the areola, to remove the glandular tissue. Liposuction may also be used to remove fat and contour the chest.
Pros: Removes both glandular tissue and fat, addressing all causes of gynecomastia. Better results for moderate to severe cases
Can tighten excess skin if needed
Cons: More scarring (though often well-hidden). Slightly longer recovery time

Which One is Right for You?

  • If your gynecomastia is mostly fatty, liposuction alone may work.
  • If there is firm glandular tissue, an incision is usually needed.
  • If there is significant skin excess, excision may be required to prevent sagging.

Is Gynecomastia Surgery Right for You?

If you are considering gynecomastia surgery, several factors determine whether you are a good candidate for the procedure. Below are key criteria to help assess your eligibility and ensure the best possible outcome.
Persistent Breast Tissue: You have excess breast tissue that does not shrink despite diet and exercise, and gynecomastia that does not resolve with weight loss or lifestyle changes.
Good Physical Health: Free from conditions that could complicate surgery or healing.
Stable Weight: Significant weight fluctuations can affect results.
Psychological Readiness: Realistic expectations and a positive outlook toward the outcome.
Aesthetics: Fitness enthusiasts or bodybuilders may opt for surgery to achieve a more sculpted chest.
Financial Preparedness: Understanding the costs, as insurance rarely covers this procedure.

In countries like the U.S. and the U.K., more men are opting for this surgery due to its quick, effective, and permanent results.

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Benefits of Gynecomastia Surgery

Gynecomastia surgery offers numerous advantages, both physical and psychological.

Physical Benefits

  • Improved Chest Contour: A flatter, more masculine chest appearance.
  • Better Clothing Fit: Confidence to wear fitted shirts and swimwear.
  • Enhanced Comfort: Reduced discomfort caused by excess tissue during physical activities.

Psychological Benefits

  • Boosted Confidence: Positive self-image and self-esteem.
  • Reduced Social Anxiety: Comfort in social or intimate settings.
  • Motivation for a Healthy Lifestyle: Many patients find renewed commitment to fitness post-surgery.
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How to Prepare for Gynecomastia Surgery?

StepDetails
Consultation with a SurgeonChoose an experienced plastic surgeon. Clearly communicate your expectations and ask any questions you may have.
Medical Tests & MedicationsUndergo all necessary tests and stop taking blood-thinning medications as directed by your surgeon.
Quit Smoking & Alcohol Stop smoking and alcohol consumption at least 3-4 weeks before surgery to minimize risks and improve recovery.
Healthy LifestyleFollow a balanced diet, aim for a healthy weight, and stay active. Plan for at least one week off work.
Preparation for Surgery DayAfter surgery you will be provided with a chest garment, please use it as constructed by your surgeon.

How is Gynecomastia Surgery Performed?

StageDetails
PreparationCheck in at the hospital, fill out the consent forms, and undergo pre-surgery tests.
AnesthesiaSurgery is usually performed under general anesthesia.
Surgical MethodsMastectomy: Small incisions are made under the breast to remove excess glandular tissue.
Liposuction: Removes excess fat if glandular overgrowth is not significant
DurationTypically lasts 1-1.5 hours, depending on the technique and complexity

Recovery Timeline

1-7 Days

  • Pain Management: During the first week after surgery, you may feel some pain and notice swelling or bruising in the chest area. This is completely normal, so do not worry. Use painkillers as directed by your doctor to manage these symptoms, but avoid taking blood-thinning medications like aspirin.
  • Light Movement: Light walking is beneficial to prevent complications. Avoid staying in bed for prolonged periods.
  • Compression Garment: It is important to wear the compression garment recommended by your surgeon day and night for three weeks. This helps reduce swelling more quickly and speeds up the healing process.

2 Weeks

  • Reduction in Pain: As the pain subsides, you will start to move more comfortably. However, you may still feel slight pulling or discomfort when moving, which is normal.
  • Increased Movement: Avoid heavy lifting and intense physical activities. Gradually increase your daily activities, but it is still too early to start exercising.
  • Stitches: If non-dissolvable stitches were used, they are typically removed during the first-week checkup.
  • Returning to Work: Most working patients return to their jobs during this period.

3-4 Weeks

  • Reduction in Swelling: Swelling significantly reduces during this stage, and your chest begins to look flatter and more natural.
  • Discontinuation of Compression Garment: Follow your surgeon’s advice on when to stop wearing the compression garment.
  • Returning to Normal Activities: Many patients start increasing physical activities but should still avoid heavy sports and lifting.

5-6 Weeks

  • Exercise and Sports: Light exercises and sports can be resumed with your surgeon’s approval. However, avoid strenuous activities that stress the chest area.
  • Visible Results: During this period, the results of the surgery become more apparent, with the chest appearing flatter and more aesthetically pleasing.
  • Sun Protection: Avoid exposing the treated area to direct sunlight to minimize scarring. Protecting the area is essential for optimal healing.

2-3 Months and later

  • Complete Recovery: Swelling and bruising fully disappear, and the final results of the surgery become more noticeable.
  • Scar Reduction: To reduce the appearance of scars, use scar-reducing creams or gels as recommended by your surgeon.
  • Returning to Normal Life: Most patients return to their full routines and pre-surgery activities comfortably during this period.

In addition to all of this, there are some general rules you should follow throughout the recovery process:

  • Stay in communication with your surgeon and their medical team. Do not miss your check-ups and strictly follow the instructions provided by the medical team.
  • Drink plenty of water and maintain a balanced diet.
  • Avoid smoking.
  • Stay fit and healthy to maintain the results.

What Are the Risks of Gynecomastia Surgery?

While generally safe, gynecomastia surgery carries potential risks, including:

  • Scarring.
  • Infection.
  • Asymmetry in results.
  • Changes in nipple sensitivity.

To minimize these risks, we recommend choosing an experienced and qualified surgeon and clinic. At Vanity Cosmetic Surgery Hospital, our medical team consists of highly skilled and successful surgeons and nurses specialising in plastic surgery procedures. Our patients enjoy a smooth recovery with exceptional satisfaction and confidently recommend our care to their loved ones.

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What Is the Cost of Gynecomastia Surgery?

The cost of gynecomastia surgery varies based on location, the surgeon’s expertise, and clinic quality. Below is a table showing average costs by country:

Country Breast Lift (Without Implants)
USA$6,000 – $8,000
UK$5,000 – $7,000
Vanity Cosmetic Surgery Hospital $2,100 – $2,400
Türkiye$2,000 – $3,000
Germany$4,000 – $6,000
Canada$5,000 – $7,000
Australia$5,500 – $7,500
Italy$4,000 – $5,500
France$4,000 – $6,000

Turkey has become the most popular surgical destination for international patients due to its high-quality services, state-of-the-art hospitals, well-trained and experienced surgeons, and, of course, more affordable costs.

At Vanity Cosmetic Surgery Hospital, we have become one of the world’s leading centers for aesthetic & cosmetic surgery thanks to the thousands of happy patients we have successfully treated since 2016. If you wish to achieve your dream look in a safe and high-quality manner, contact us, and we will be delighted to support you every step of the way on this journey.

What Is the Cost of Gynecomastia Surgery?

TopicDescription
Type of AnesthesiaUsually performed under general anesthesia.
Surgical SettingShould be conducted in a sterile hospital environment within an operating room.
Surgical MethodExcess breast tissue is removed via incision, or excess fat is removed using liposuction.
Surgery DurationTypically lasts around 1-1.5 hours, depending on the chosen method.
Hospital StayMost patients stay in the hospital for one night and are discharged the next day. Some may leave the same day.
Post-Surgery PainMild soreness and sensitivity may occur for the first few days. Simple painkillers are usually sufficient.
Swelling and BruisingModerate swelling and bruising may occur for 5-10 days. These symptoms gradually subside over time.
Final ResultsSwelling and firmness typically subside by the third month, with the final results visible within 6-12 months.
ScarsScars are generally small and subtle. Proper use of scar-reducing creams and tapes can make them nearly invisible.
Compression GarmentShould be worn day and night for the first 3-4 weeks to support healing and reduce swelling.
Permanence of ResultsResults are generally permanent. However, unhealthy lifestyle habits, weight gain, or hormonal imbalances may affect outcomes.

Conclusion

Gynecomastia surgery can be life-changing, offering a flatter chest and increased self-confidence. To achieve the best results, find a qualified plastic surgeon and a hospital with an experienced medical team specializing in aesthetic surgery, and get ready for this rewarding journey. If you’re interested, Vanity Cosmetic Surgery Hospital is here for you with 10 highly experienced, qualified, and internationally certified (EBOPRAS, ISAPS, ASAPS) surgeons, as well as an 80-member medical team.

Our Gynecomastia Doctors

Vanity Estetik Doktoru Güray Yeşiladalı
Güray Yeşiladalı, M.D.
Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery

Personal Details

  • Officially appointed expert in the field of plastic surgery, Highly experienced plastic surgeon specialising in breast and buttock enhancements, rhinoplasty, liposuction, fat transfer procedures.
  • Graduated from Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine.
  • Won the Turkish-German Medical Association Scholarship and had the chance to study in Giessen University, Germany.
  • He started his Plastic Surgery residency in Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital in Istanbul.
  • Apart from performing thousands of plastic surgery operations, he was accepted as an International Fellow to Wisconsin University, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery in United States, and had the chance to improve his surgical skills, experience and international communication abilities.

Certifications and professional memberships

  • International Society of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (ISAPS),
  • Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Association (EPCD),
  • Fellow of the European Society of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (FEBOPRAS)
  • Istanbul Medical Chamber
  • Rhinoplasty Society of Europe

Other

  • Performing thousands of plastic surgery operations.
  • Founder of Vanity Cosmetic Surgery hospital(2016).
sinem-eroglu
Prof. Dr. Sinem Eroğlu
Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery

Personal Details

  • Graduated from Marmara University Faculty of Medicine in English in 2000,
  • Completed her residency in the field of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery at Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital in 2006.
  • In 2012 by being successful in written and oral exams and has received a professor title in 2022.
  • Assumed the administrative responsibility for University of Health Sciences Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital between 2012 and 2021.

Certifications and professional memberships

  • International Society of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (ISAPS).
  • Fellow of the European Board of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery(FEBOPRAS).

Other

  • Prof. Dr. Sinem Eroğlu, who has more than 50 articles and more than 100 announcements that were published in the international and national scientific journals.
  • Accept her clients in Vanity Cosmetic Surgery Hospital since 2022.
  • Working at Vanity Cosmetic Surgery hospital since 2022
can-zeliha-gul
Can Zeliha Gül, M.D.
Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery

Personal Details

  • Dr. Can Zeliha Gül completed her medical training at Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine (Çapa Medicine) in 2011.
  • M.D. Gül began her professional career by receiving specialization training in Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery at Şişli Etfal Research and Training Hospital, where she worked between 2011 and 2017.
  • From 2017 to 2019, she served in the field of Plastic Surgery at Gaziantep Nizip State Hospital.
  • She worked at Vanity Cosmetic Surgery Hospital from 2019 to 2021, further enhancing her knowledge and experience in the field of aesthetic surgery.

Certifications and professional memberships

  • Fellow of the European Board Of Plastic, Reconstructive And Aesthetic Surgery (FEBOPRAS)
  • Turkish Plastic, Reconstructive And Aesthetic Surgery Association (TPRECD)
  • Aesthetic And Plastic Surgery Association (EPCD)
  • Turkish Doctors Assoc. (TTB)
  • International Society Of Plastic Surgery (ISAPS)

Other

  • In August 2023, she rejoined the team at Vanity Hospital. She aims to provide patients with the highest quality healthcare utilizing her knowledge and skills in the field of aesthetic and reconstructive surgery to enhance their quality of life.
mert-sizmaz
Mert Sızmaz, M.D.
Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery

Personal Details

  • Graduated at Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine in English.
  • Specialty training at Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital.
  • In 2019 he was in the United States as part of the observership program.
  • He completed his compulsory service at Kars Harakani State Hospital.

Certifications and professional memberships

  • Turkish Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Association (TPRECD)
  • Fellow of the European Board of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery(FEBOPRAS)
  • Istanbul Medical Chamber
  • Turkey Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Society
  • Turkish Doctors Assoc.

Other

  • He had the opportunity to experience many surgeries at Tampa General Hospital.
  • He has publications in many national and international journals.
  • Working at Vanity Cosmetic Surgery Hospital since 2023.
Op. Dr. Çağatay Öner
Çağatay Öner, M.D.
Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery

Personal Details

  • Dr. Çağatay Öner completed his medical education at Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa English Faculty of Medicine in 2014.
  • He completed his Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery specialist training, which he started in 2015, at Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital in 2020.
  • In 2019, he participated in an observership program in Germany to enhance his experience in the field of Aesthetic Surgery.
  • He worked in the field of Plastic Surgery at Şırnak State Hospital between 2020-2022.

Certifications and professional memberships

  • Turkish Society of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery (TPRECD)
  • Fellow of the European Board of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery (FEBOPRAS)
  • Turkish Doctors Assoc.

Other

  • He has publications in various national and international journals.
  • His hobbies include nature photography, skiing, scuba diving, and trekking.
aysel-pasazade
Aysel Paşazade, M.D.
Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery

Personal Details

  • In 2010, she began medical education at Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine.
  • Completed her medical education in 2016, started to work in Bursa Uludağ University Hospital in 2018 as a specialist in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.
  • M.D. Paşazade successfully completed her specialization training in 2023 and earned the title of ‘Specialist Doctor.

Certifications and professional memberships

  • M.D. Paşazade member of the Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Association. (EPCD)
  • 7th İstanbul Rhinoplasty Live Surgery Course
  • Face to Face Istanbul 2024 – Live Surgery International Congress

Other

  • During her tenure, she has participated in trainings and symposiums to strengthen her expertise in the field.
  • Among her hobbies is painting, where she expresses her creativity on the canvas.
Op. Dr. Barış Kanık profil fotoğrafı
Barış Kanık, M.D.
Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery

Personal Details

  • Started his medical education at Dokuz Eylül University in 2009.
  • Completed his medical education in 2015, started to work in Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar City Hospital in 2017 as a specialist in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.
  • In 2022, he left this hospital and was appointed to Çankırı State Hospital.
  • Dr. Kanık completed his 2-year compulsory service in Çankırı State Hospital 2022-2024.

Certifications and professional memberships

  • European Board of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (EBOPRAS) Certificate
  • Turkish Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Association (TPRECD) Certificate
  • Turkish Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery Course

Other

  • During his working life, he attended training that would strengthen his expertise in his field and received various
    certificates.
  • His hobbies include playing the electric guitar, cultivating plants, and cycling.
  • Working at Vanity Cosmetic Surgery Hospital since August 2024.

Our International Certificates

As Vanity Cosmetic Surgery Hospital, we work with surgeons with international certificates so that you can trust us.

Frequently Asked Questions

The procedure typically lasts between 1 and 3 hours, depending on the complexity and techniques used.

Scarring is minimal and strategically placed. Over time, scars fade significantly with proper care.

Light activities: After 1-2 weeks and strenuous workouts: After 4-6 weeks, with your surgeon’s approval.

In most cases, the results are permanent. However, hormonal changes, weight gain, or certain medications can lead to a recurrence.

Recurrence is rare but possible if the underlying cause is not addressed, such as hormonal imbalances or substance use.

Gynecomastia can be treated through various methods, including surgical options like liposuction and glandular excision. Surgical intervention is often recommended when gynecomastia causes distress or does not resolve on its own. Non-surgical treatments, such as medications (e.g., tamoxifen), may also be considered, particularly in early stages.

Gynecomastia is characterized by enlarged breast tissue in males, which can be confirmed through a physical examination and medical history. Symptoms may include breast tenderness or swelling. Consulting a healthcare provider for evaluation is essential for diagnosis.

In many cases, gynecomastia resolves on its own, especially during puberty. However, if it persists beyond a few years or is associated with pain or psychological distress, treatment may be necessary.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination by a healthcare professional who assesses breast tissue and may conduct blood tests to rule out underlying conditions. Imaging studies can also help confirm the diagnosis if needed.

Gynecomastia typically appears as swollen breast tissue in men, which may feel firm or rubbery. The condition can range from mild enlargement to significant breast development and may involve asymmetry between the breasts.

About The Author

Created By
Publish Date
Update Date

Güray Yeşiladalı, M.D.

26/10/2022
06/02/2025

Güray Yeşiladalı M.D. is graduated from Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine. He won the Turkish-German Medical Association Scholarship and had the chance to study in Giessen University, Germany. He started his Plastic Surgery residency in Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital in Istanbul. Apart from performing thousands of plastic surgery operations, he was accepted as an International Fellow to Wisconsin University, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery in United States, and had the chance to improve his surgical skills, experience and international communication abilities. He is the founder of Vanity Cosmetic Surgery hospital (2016).

Resources & References

Booth, S. (2024, March 14). Gynecomastia: Enlarged Breasts in Men.
https://www.webmd.com/men/what-is-gynecomastia

Vandeven, H. A., & Pensler, J. M. (2023, August 8). Gynecomastia.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430812/

Professional, C. C. M. (n.d.-b). Gynecomastia.
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/16227-enlarged-male-breast-tissue-gynecomastia

Enlarged breasts in men (gynecomastia) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic. (2023, October 26).
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gynecomastia/symptoms-causes/syc-20351793

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